Coupled effect of tire-derived aggregate and geogrid on lateral earth pressure on high-filled cut-and-cover tunnels

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Garmian, Sulaimaniya, Iraq

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

10.22059/ijmge.2022.346697.594987

Abstract

For the possibility of using valuable lands with plateaus terrain, the High-filled cut-and-cover tunnels (HFCCTs) are considered a practical and successful solution. The HFCCT is first constructed and then backfilled in layers in the trench, which is different from traditional tunnel construction methods. Because the high amount of backfill soil above the HFCCT produces ultrahigh earth pressure, it is necessary to use load reduction methods to reduce the earth pressure on the HFCCT, which will reduce the tunnel designing structure loads and increase safety. This study describes two load reduction methods using a combination of tire-derived aggregate (TDA) and geogrid. Abaqus CAE 2019 software, based on the finite element method, was employed to analyze and examine the lateral earth pressure (LEP) reduction progress and mechanism. Several influential factors, including the geogrid presence effect, the TDA form, the TDA thickness, and the distance between the top of the HFCCT and the bottom of the TDA were studied. The analysis results focused on changes in average LEP, relative vertical displacement of the HFCCT backfill soil prisms, and the effect of geogrid presence on the top of the TDA. This study found that the factors are influential and have significant effects on the average LEP reduction on the HFCCT through the load reduction mechanisms, which include relative vertical displacements of the HFCCT backfill soil prisms and soil arching, where the average LEP on the top of the HFCCT model reduced from 303 kPa to 125 kPa (58.745% reduction in the average LEP).

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1]    S. Li, Y. Jianie, I.-H. Hom, L. Mam, Q. Wang, and B. Yu, “Experimental and Numerical Analyses for Earth Pressure Distribution on High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels,” KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 2020, doi: 10.1007/s12205-020-1693-7.
[2]    M. G. Spangler, “A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE IMPERFECT DITCH METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION A BRIEF DISCUSSION IS PRESENTED OF THE PRINCIPLES ON WHICH MARSTON ’ S IMPERFECT DITCH METHOD IS BASED AND A,” Washington, DC Highw. Res. Board., vol. 37 of Proc, no. 37th Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board, pp. 271–277, 1958.
[3]    R. K. Taylor, “Induced-Trench Method of Culvert Installation.,” Highw Res. Rec., no. 443, pp. 15–31, 1973.
[4]    J. A. Sladen and J. M. Oswell, “The induced trench method - a critical review and case history,” Can. Geotech. J., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 541–549, 1988, doi: 10.1139/t88-059.
[5]    J. Vaslestad, T. H. Johansen, and W. Holm, “Load reduction on rigid culverts beneath high fills: long-term behavior,” Transp. Res. Rec., no. 1415, pp. 58–68, 1993.
[6]    A. Q. Gu, T. T. Guo, and X. P. Wang., “Experimental study on reducing load measurement using EPS of culvert under high-stacked soil,” Chinese J. Geotech. Eng., vol. 27, no. 5, p. 2005, 2005..
[7]    R. P. McAffee and A. J. Valsangkar, “Field performance, centrifuge testing, and numerical modeling of an induced trench installation,” Can. Geotech. J., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 85–101, 2008, doi: 10.1139/T07-086
[8]    B. L. McGuigan and A. J. Valsangkar, “Centrifuge testing and
numerical analysis of box culverts installed in induced trenches,” Can. Geotech. J., vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 147–163, 2010, doi: 10.1139/T09-085.
[9]    S. Li, I. H. Ho, L. Ma, Y. Yao, and C. Wang, “Load reduction on high-filled cut-and-cover tunnel using discrete element method,” Comput. Geotech., vol. 114, no. March 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103149.
[10]  J. Kang, F. Parker, and C. H. Yoo, “Soil-Structure Interaction and Imperfect Trench Installations for Deeply Buried Concrete Pipes,” J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 277–285, 2007, doi: 10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2007)133:3(277).
[11]   S. Li, G. Han, I.-H. Ho, L. Ma, Q. Wang, and B. Yu, “Coupled Effect of Cross-Sectional Shape and Load Reduction on High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels ConsideringSoil–Structure Interaction,” Int. J. Geomech., vol. 20, no. 7, p. 04020082, 2020, doi: 10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001696.
[12]  S. Li, Y. Yao, I.-H. Ho, L. Ma, Q. Wang, and C. Wang, “Coupled Effect of Expanded Polystyrene and Geogrid on Load Reduction for High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Using the Discrete-Element Method,” Int. J. Geomech., vol. 20, no. 6, p. 04020052, 2020, doi: 10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001683.
[13]  S. Li, Y. Jianie, I.-H. Ho, L. Ma, B. Yu, and C. Wang, “Evolution of Load Reduction for High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Subjected to Soil Creep,” Int. J. Geomech., vol. 21, no. 9, 2021, doi: 10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0002089.
[14]  B. Yu, J. Xia, S. Li, and L. Zhao, “Optimization Effects of Load Reduction for Earth Pressure on High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Using the Discrete Element Method,” Adv. Civ. Eng., vol. 2021, 2021, doi: 10.1155/2021/8911818.
[15]  L. M. Rodríguez, M. Arroyo, and M. M. Cano, “Use of tire-derived aggregate in tunnel cut-and-cover,” Can. Geotech. J., vol. 55, pp. 1–32, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0446.
[16]  ASTM-The American Society for Testing and Materials, “D 4253-00-Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table1,” West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States., 2000.
[17]  Geosyntec Consultants, “Guidance Manual for Engineering Uses of Scrap Tires,” 2008.
[18]  D. Cheng, “Usage Guide-Tire-Derived Aggregate (TDA),” California State, 2016.
[19]  F. H. Kulhawy and P. W. Mayne, “Manual on Estimating Soil Properties for Foundation Design,” 1990.
[20] R. . Koerner, Designing with Geosynthetics, 5th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.
[21]  J. Han and D. Leshchinsky, “Geotextiles and Geomembranes Analysis of back-to-back mechanically stabilized earth walls,” Geotext. Geomembranes, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 262–267, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.09.012.
[22] Y. Dong, J. Han, and X. Bai, “Numerical analysis of tensile behavior of geogrids with rectangular and triangular apertures,” Geotext. Geomembranes, vol. 29, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2010.10.007.
[23]  C. H. Abdullah and T. B. Edil, “Behaviour of geogrid-reinforced load transfer platforms for an embankment on rammed aggregate piers,” Geosynth. Int., no. 3, 2007, doi: 10.1680/gein.2007.14.3.141.
[24] M. T. Adams and James G. Collin, “LARGE MODEL SPREAD FOOTING LOAD TESTS ON GEOSYNTHETIC,” J. Geotech. GEOENVIRONMENTAL Eng., no. January, pp. 66–72, 1997.
[25]  S. F. Brown, J. Kwan, and N. H. Thom, “Identifying the key parameters that influence geogrid reinforcement of railway ballast,” vol. 25, pp. 326–335, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.06.003.
[26]  J. Han and K. Akins, “Use of Geogrid-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Earth Structures,” Deep Found., pp. 668–679, 2002.
[27]  C. L. Helstrom, D. N. Humphrey, and S. A. Hayden, “Geogrid Reinforced Pavement Structure in a Cold Region,” Cold Reg. Eng., no. 401, pp. 1–12, 2006.
[28] J. Huang and J. Han, “Geotextiles and Geomembranes 3D coupled mechanical and hydraulic modeling of a geosynthetic-reinforced deep mixed column-supported embankment,” Geotext. Geomembranes, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 272–280, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.01.001.
[29] T. C. Kinney, K. S. Danielle, and J. Schuler, “Using Geogrids for Base Reinforcement as Measured by Falling Weight Deflectometer in Full-Scale Laboratory Study,” Transp. Res. Rec. 1611, pp. 70–77, 1998.
[30]  X. Tang, G. R. Chehab, and A. Palomino, “International Journal of Pavement Engineering Evaluation of geogrids for stabilizing weak pavement subgrade,” Int. J. Pavement Eng., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 413–429, 2008, doi: 10.1080/10298430802279827.
[31]  Y. Xiaoming, “An assessment of the geometry effect of geosynthetics for base course reinforcements,” Int. J. Transp. Sci. Technol., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 247–257, 2012, doi: 10.1260/2046-0430.1.3.247.
International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering
Volume 57, Issue 1
March 2023
Pages 73-87

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics