Pullout capacity of plus-shaped multi-plate horizontal anchors in sand

Articles in Press

Document Type : Reply to comment on Paper

Authors

1 Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur (H.P.), India.

2 Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur.

10.22059/ijmge.2025.357550.595053

Abstract

In this study, the displacement finite element method was employed to evaluate the load-displacement response and estimate the ultimate pullout capacity of anchor plates. A detailed comparison was conducted between conventional and non-conventional shaped single-plate and multi-plate horizontal anchors. The analysis focused on square and plus-shaped anchors, examining the influence of anchor geometry, embedment depth, plate thickness, tie rod diameter, soil relative density, and spacing between plates on their pullout performance. The results indicate that pullout capacity increases with greater relative density, plate thickness, and embedment depth but decreases with larger tie rod diameters. Square anchors demonstrated 15–40% higher pullout capacities than plus-shaped anchors due to their larger contact area. Multi-plate configurations significantly improved pullout resistance compared to single plates, with critical plate spacing optimizing performance: 1.5b for square anchors and 1b for plus-shaped anchors. For dense sand, plus-shaped multi-plate anchors exhibited comparable pullout capacities to square single-plate anchors despite a 25% reduction in anchor area. At an embedment depth of 15 m, square triple-plate anchors achieved a pullout capacity of 360.6 MPa, while plus-shaped anchors reached 256.8 MPa. Stress distribution analysis revealed localized failure patterns above the anchors, with higher stress concentrations near the plates. These findings highlight the effectiveness of multi-plate configurations and optimized geometries in improving anchor performance, offering practical solutions for geotechnical applications requiring high pullout resistance in sandy soils. Overall, plus-shaped double-plate and triple-plate anchors can effectively replace square-shaped single-plate anchors.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Dickin EA, Laman M (2007) Uplift response of strip anchors in cohesionless soil. Advances in Engineering Software 38:618–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2006.08.041
  2. Tilak BV, Samadhiya NK (2021) Pullout capacity of multi-plate horizontal anchors in sand: an experimental study. Acta Geotech 16:2851–2875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-021-01173-1
  3. Tilak VB, Samadhiya NK (2023) Pullout capacity of Circular Multi-plate Inclined Anchors in Sand: An Experimental Study. Geotech Geol Eng 41:2427–2449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02407-7
  4. Aliasgharzadeh M, Yousefzadehfard M, Atrchian M, Bayat M (2023) Experimental Study on Pullout Capacity of Geocell and Geotextile-Reinforced Horizontal Plate Anchors Embedded in Granular Soil. Int J of Geosynth and Ground Eng 9:6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-023-00428-z
  5. Das BM, Seeley GR (1975) Breakout Resistance of Shallow Horizontal Anchors. J Geotech Engrg Div 101:999–1003. https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0000202
  6. Ball AJ (1961) The resistance to breaking-out of mushroom foundations for pylons
  7. Bhattacharya P, Roy A (2016) Variation of Horizontal Pullout Capacity with Width of Vertical Anchor Plate. Int J Geomech 16:06016002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000639
  8. Feng T, Zong J, Jiang W, et al (2020) Ultimate Pullout Capacity of a Square Plate Anchor in Clay with an Interbedded Stiff Layer. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020:8867678. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8867678
  9. Kumar J, Sahoo JP (2012) Upper Bound Solution for Pullout Capacity of Vertical Anchors in Sand Using Finite Elements and Limit Analysis. Int J Geomech 12:333–337. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000160
  10. Merifield RS, Sloan SW (2006) The ultimate pullout capacity of anchors in frictional soils. Can Geotech J 43:852–868. https://doi.org/10.1139/t06-052
  11. Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Turkey, Misir G (2018) Predicting the uplift capacity of vertically located two-plate anchors. AGS 15:47–57. https://doi.org/10.18690/actageotechslov.15.2.47-57.2018
  12. Mokhbi H, Mellas M, Mabrouki A, Pereira J-M (2018) Three-dimensional numerical and analytical study of horizontal group of square anchor plates in sand. Acta Geotech 13:159–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-017-0557-x
  13. Jadid R, Shahriar AR, Rahman MR, Imtiaz T (2019) Evaluation of Theoretical Models to Predict the Pullout Capacity of a Vertical Anchor Embedded in Cohesionless Soil. Geotech Geol Eng 37:3567–3586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-00870-9
  14. Das A, Bera AK (2019) Ultimate Uplift Capacity of Bell-Shaped Anchor in River Sand Using Finite Element Software “ABAQUS.” Geotech Geol Eng 37:4121–4133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-00897-y
  15. Panwar V, Dutta RK (2021) Bearing capacity of rectangular footing on layered sand under inclined loading. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 108:49–62. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5064
  16. Rawat V, Satyam N (2024) Effect of fibre‐reinforced microbial‐induced calcite precipitation on the mechanical properties of coastal soil. Soil Use and Management 40:e13078. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.13078
  17. Rawat V, Satyam N (2024) Enhancing the durability of coastal soil treated with fiber-reinforced microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP). Applied Ocean Research 150:104106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2024.104106
International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 16 January 2025

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics